What is ADS-B Out? If I don’t have ADS-B Out, where can I fly?
What is ADS-B Out?
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a primary technology supporting the FAA’s Next Generation Air Transportation System, or NextGen, which shifts aircraft separation and air traffic control from ground-based radar to satellite-derived positions.
ADS-B Out broadcasts an aircraft’s WAAS-enhanced GPS position to the ground, where it is displayed to air traffic controllers. It’s also transmitted to aircraft with ADS-B receivers, either directly or relayed by ground stations, increasing the pilot’s situational awareness.
In the continental United States, ADS-B Out has been required since January 2, 2020, for flight in:
Class A, B, and C airspace;
Class E airspace at or above 10,000 feet msl, excluding airspace at and below 2,500 feet agl;
Within 30 nautical miles of a Class B primary airport (the Mode C veil);
Above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of Class B or Class C airspace up to 10,000 feet (note that ADS-B is not required below a Class B or Class C airspace shelf, if it is outside of a Mode C veil);
Class E airspace over the Gulf of Mexico, at and above 3,000 feet msl, within 12 nm of the U.S. coast.
I don’t have ADS-B Out, where can I fly?
Without ADS-B Out, you can fly in any airspace except the ADS-B rule airspace defined by FAR 91.225 (see above). Note that ADS-B is not required in Class D airspace, or under a Class B or Class C airspace shelf, unless it lies within a Mode C veil. Keep in mind that ADS-B is mandated in a growing number of other countries.
Countries with ADS-B Out mandates and proposals include:
Australia. 1090ES required for all IFR operations. Foreign-registered aircraft equipped with transponders are exempted below FL290 until June 6, 2020.
Canada. Nav Canada has stated its intent to require 1090ES ADS-B Out equipage with antenna diversity, but rulemaking has not been completed. Nav Canada will use the Aireon space-based ADS-B system, of which it is an owner.
Europe. 1090ES required for IFR aircraft with a MTOW exceeding 12,566 pounds or maximum cruise airspeed faster than 250 KTAS. Mandatory for new-production aircraft, and must be retrofitted into all aircraft by June 7, 2020. (Dates have slipped from original timetable.)
Hong Kong. 1090ES required in all airspace, FL290 and above.
Indonesia. 1090ES required, FL290 and above.
Mexico. 1090ES required in Class A, B, and C airspace; Class E above 10,000 feet msl; and other specified airspace, including Class E airspace over the Gulf of Mexico, at and above 3,000 feet msl within 12 nm of the Mexican coast.
Singapore. 1090ES required on specified airways.
South Africa. 1090ES required April 1, 2020, for all IFR operations and for any aircraft first registered or replacing its transponder and flown in Class A, B, D, or E airspace.
Sri Lanka. 1090ES required within the Colombo Terminal Control Area (TMA), FL290 and above.
Taiwan. 1090ES required in all airspace, FL290 and above.
Vietnam. 1090ES required on specified airways.
Source: AOPA Go to Article:
